A study by the University of Eastern Finland found that polystyrene nanoparticles can raise early embryo mortality in European whitefish, especially in stressful conditions with variable oxygen and turbulence. Positively charged particles showed stronger toxic effects due to interactions with cell membranes, while negatively charged particles were less harmful. The research highlights that standard lab tests may underestimate environmental risks of nanoplastics.
Source: University of Eastern Finland
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